Progress in the application of drinking water acidifiers in poultry(一)
Water is the most important and most easily overlooked nutrient for poultry. At present, in the large-scale and intensive breeding environment, the main water supply method for poultry is the water source-water line-drinker system. As the use time goes by, the water pipeline will continue to breed harmful substances such as bacteria that are harmful to livestock and poultry, affecting the healthy growth of poultry.
As an antibacterial substance added to poultry drinking water, drinking water acidifier can purify drinking water, inhibit and kill harmful bacteria, reduce the risk of “disease from the mouth”, enter the digestive tract of poultry to create a low pH environment, improve the digestion and absorption of nutrients, balance the intestinal microbial flora, and thus improve its growth performance.
This article reviews the current status of poultry drinking water, the impact of drinking water pollution on poultry production performance, and the application progress of drinking water acidifier in poultry.
一 Current status of poultry drinking water
The phenomenon of excessive microorganisms in drinking water in farms is very common. The general rule of drinking water pollution is water source < front end of water line < middle end of water line < end of water line. The number of terminal microorganisms in almost all farms increases exponentially, far exceeding the qualified standards (total bacteria does not exceed 1000 CFU/mL, and total coliform group is less than 50 CFU/mL).
1. Water pollution
The water source of the breeding farm mainly comes from the tap water of the water supply company and the groundwater in the factory area. Drinking water needs to be transported through water towers, reservoirs, water lines and drinking fountains before it can finally be consumed by animals. Usually water sources are contaminated by animal excrement and plant decay, resulting in the presence of various pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and other pathogens in the water sources. Microorganisms in China’s water sources exceed the standard by more than 50%. Laboratory tests have found that most water sources are positive for E. coli. In some areas with serious water pollution, such as water towers or open reservoirs that have not been cleaned for a long time, pathogenic microorganisms are found in the water sources. More content. Some farmers only filter well water without disinfection before supplying it to chicken houses, which increases the unsafety of poultry drinking water.
Zheng Xin and others took 100 drinking water samples from farms in different regions. Among them, 95 households found that the number of bacteria exceeded the standard, and 85 households seriously exceeded the standard. Only 5% of the drinking water was qualified. It can be seen that water quality pollution cannot be ignored. Zheng Xuebin and others found that the difference in coliform content between the experimental group drinking tap water and the control group drinking home well water was extremely significant (P<0.01). The water samples tested in the control group exceeded the national livestock and poultry drinking water standards by 146 times. The egg production rate of the experimental group was 4.71% higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), the feed-to-egg ratio was lowered by 7.83% (P<0.05), and the diarrhea rate and drug expenditure were reduced by 83.92% (P<0.01) and 73.47% (P<0.05) respectively. P <0.01). Therefore, unsterilized well water is less safe and can easily affect the health of poultry. Although tap water is clean water, it is not pure water. The presence of E. coli can still be detected. These bacteria will still proliferate in a closed drinking water system. When the number of E. coli reaches 1.0×107-1.0×109CFU/mL Sufficient to cause illness in poultry.
2. Drinker and water line pollution
Another phenomenon that cannot be ignored is that the water quality at the water source meets the standard, but the microorganisms exceed the standard when it reaches the front end of the breeding water line. This may be caused by waterer pollution or water line pollution. If open waterers are used in farms and drinking utensils are not cleaned regularly, drinking water will be polluted; if nipple drinkers are used for drinking, some drinking water will flow back into the nipple gap after poultry pecks at the nipples. There will be a large number of pathogenic microorganisms in these return waters, especially when the water line pressure is insufficient, the return water will pollute the water quality, causing the entire drinking water system to be contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms.
Li Jiguang investigated water samples from three types of waterers in 10 large-scale farms in Beijing. The results showed that the water samples of Plasson drinkers, nipple drinkers, and cup drinkers were all seriously polluted, especially the total number of bacteria and E. coli counts of Plasson drinkers reached 1.28×108CFU/mL and 6.11×106CFU/mL, respectively.
3. Biofilm
During the growth of poultry, in order to prevent or treat diseases and other abnormal conditions, live vaccines, vitamins, amino acids, glucose and other substances are added to the drinking water. In addition, the closed drinking water system is difficult to clean thoroughly, and the above substances will become the nutrients necessary for the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, forming biofilms in the water line, which are more likely to adsorb harmful microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella and mold. Biofilms can not only produce pathogens that harm the growth and development of poultry, but the deposited biofilms will also block the drinking water pipes, reduce the water flow of the drinking water system, lead to insufficient drinking water for poultry, reduce feed intake, reduce growth and development speed and feed conversion rate, and thus reduce the production performance and breeding benefits of poultry. A large number of practices have proved that biofilms can form again within a few hours after cleaning, which brings great difficulty to the drinking water management of poultry. Once a biofilm is formed in the poultry drinking water system, it is difficult to completely remove it. Therefore, daily biological monitoring and purification must be done to prevent the formation of biofilms.
